A malocclusion is an incorrect relationship between the upper arch (maxilla) and lower arch (mandible), or a general misalignment of the teeth. It’s thought to come from genetics combined with habits or other factors in early childhood. Moderate cases usually need treatment by an orthodontist.
The three classes
| Class | What it means |
|---|---|
| Class I | The bite is normal, but other teeth are crowded or spaced |
| Class II | Overbite: upper teeth sit further forward than lower teeth |
| Class III | Underbite (prognathism): lower teeth sit further forward, usually from a large lower jaw or short upper jaw |
Why treat it
It’s never too late. Children and adults alike have been delighted with their even, straight smiles.
- Less tooth decay. A bad bite wears the same teeth again and again, leading to erosion and decay.
- Easier cleaning. Crowded teeth are hard to clean; aligned teeth are easy.
- Less risk of TMJ. Realigning teeth relieves pressure on the jaw joint that causes headaches, facial pain and night grinding.
Severe cases can affect the shape of the lower face, and an orthodontist may work with a maxillofacial specialist to reconstruct the jaw.
How it’s treated
After x-rays, an exam and bite impressions, the orthodontist chooses a treatment. Crowding sometimes requires removing a tooth to make room. Other options include:
- Fixed braces: brackets on each tooth joined by an archwire that’s adjusted regularly.
- Removable devices: retainers, headgear and palate expanders. Retainers hold teeth in place while the jaw grows around them.
- Invisalign®: removable, nearly invisible aligners that work like braces.